Biochemical studies on crossbreed cattle infected with Theileria in New Valley
Keywords:
Crossbred cattle, Natural theileriosis, some blood parameters, New-Valley Governorate
Abstract
Bovine tropical theileriosis is a fatal disease of sheep caused by the pathogenic species of protozoans of the genus Theileria. This study was designed to estimate the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum thyroid hormones, the serum trace elements and to evaluate their correlations in different parasitemia rates in naturally Theileriosis in cattle. 39 crossbred cattle, about 1-3 years old, naturally infected with T. annulata were selected and divided into 3 subgroups according to parasitemia rates (<2%, 2-4%, 4-8%). 10 non-infected crossbred cattle were also selected as controls (clinical and laboratory healthy). Blood samples were collected and Hcy, thyroid hormones and major trace elements were measured.Significant decrease in the values of red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin confirmed that anemia had occurred in the infected cattle. Significant increase in Hcy, significant decrease in some trace elements (selenium and Zn), significant decrease in the values of thyroxine (T4) and (T4) but no remarkable changes in (FT3) and (FT4) were observed. Substantial elevations in plasma Hcy can potentially produce endothelial injuries and consequently help the formation of anemia. On the other hand, significant decrease in T4 and T3 and in some trace elements (selenium and Zn) besides the lack of any changes in the other related factors, indicate that the infection of cattle with different degree of parasitemia rates, can induce negative effects on the secretion and concentrations of thyroid hormones, some trace element but the infection could cause positive effects on important homocysteine.
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References
1-Glass, E.J., Craigmile , S.C., Springbett, A ., Preston, P.M, Kirvar, E., Wilkie, G.M., Eckersall, P.D., Hall, R.F and Brown, C.G.D .(2003); The protozoan parasite, Theileria annulata, induces a distinct acute phase protein response in cattle that is associated with pathology. Int J Parasitol, 33: 1409-1418.
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4- Shiono H, Yagi Y and P Thongnoon, (2001); Acquired methemoglobinemia in anemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. J.Vet .Parasitol, 102: 45-51.
5- Nazifi, S, Razavi, S.M.,Reiszadeh, M.,E., smailnezhad ,Z., Ansari-Lari, M and Hasanshahi, F., (2010a); Evaluation of the resistance of indigenous Iranian cattle to Theileria annulata compared with Holstein cattle by measurement of acute phase proteins'. Comp. Clin . Pathol, 19: 155-161.
6-El-Deeb, W.M and Younis, E.E,, (2009); Clinical and biochemical studies on Theileria annulata in Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with particular orientation to oxidative stress and ketosis relationship. Vet Parasitol, 164: 301-305.
7- Forsyth, L.M.G., Minns, F.C., Kirvar, E., Adamson, R.E and Hall F.R., (1999); Tissue damage in cattle infected with Theileria annulata accompanied by metastasis of cytokine-producing, schizont-infected mononuclear phagocytes. J. Compa. Pathol., 120: 39-57.
8- Issi, M., Gul,Y and Basbug, O., (2011); The effect of classical theileriosis treatment on thyroid hormone levels in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Asian .J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6: 531-536.
9- Omer, O.H, El-Malik, K.H, Magzoub, M, Mahmoud, O.M, Haroun, E. M, Hawas A, Omar H.M., (2003); Biochemical profiles in Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia.Vet. Res .Commun 27:15–25.
10- Col, R., Uslu, U.,( 2007);Changes in selected serum components in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy51:15–18.
11-Arthur, J. R and Beckett, G .J., (1999); Thyroid function. Br Med Bull 55:658–668.
12- Tsanadis G, Sotiriadis, A, Vezyraki ,P, Kalfakakou ,V, Zikopoulos, K, Dalkalitsis ,N, Evangelou ,A, Stefos, T., (2003). FSH, TSH, T3 andT4 changes in relation to plasma copper and zinc alterations during D-penicillamine administration in female Wister rats. Nutr. Res 23:111–116.
13-Meikke, A, Kulasar, M., Chilliard ,Y., Febel, H., Delavaud ,C., Cavestany, D, Chilibrost, P (2004); Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow. Reproduction 127:727–737.
14-Van Knegsel, A.T.M, van den Brand, H, Graat, E.A.M, Dijkstra, J, Jorritsma ,R, Decuypere, E, Tamminga, S, Kemp, B.,( 2007); Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation, metabolites and metabolic hormones. J .Dairy .Sci; 90:1477–148.
15- Kaneko, J.J., (1997);Thyroid Function. In: Kaneko J.J, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (eds) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 5th edh. Academic press, San Diego, pp 571–588.
16- Sangwan, N., Sangwan, A.K., Singh, S., Agrawal, V.K.,( 2003); Cortisol and thyroid hormones in relation to bovine tropical theileriosis. Indian J Anim. Sci 72:1098–1099.
17- Rezaei, S.A., Dalir-Naghadeh, B. (2009); Association of plasma and heart homocysteine and blood malondialdehyde with cardiovascular diseases induced by acute selenium deficiency in lambs. Small Ruminant Research 83: 22–28.
18- Gauthier, G.M., Keevil, J.G., Mcbride, P.E.,( 2003);The Association of homocysteine and coronary artery disease. Clinical Cardiology 26: 563-568.
19- Lin, G., Dongyan, W., Yang, L., Dingfang, B., Lin, C., Yongzheng, P., Yongfen, Q.I., Chaoshu, T., (2003); Homocysteine increases the synthesis of adrenomedull in vascular fibroblasts of rats. Chinese Science Bulletin 48: 983-987.
20- Haj jar, K.A.,( 2001); Homocysteine: a sulph’rous fire. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 107: 675-683.
21- Chai, A.U and Abramsm. J (2001).Homocysteine: A new cardiac risk factor? Clinical Cardiology 24: 80-84.
22- O’Grady, H., Kelly, C., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Leahy, A., (2002); Homocysteine and occlusive arterial disease. British journal of surgery 89: 838-844.
23- Coles, E.H., (1980); Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 3 rd. edition .Saunders Philadelphia .pp. 75- 90.
24- Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L., Wall, R.L., (2007); Veterinary Parasitology. 3 rd edn. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK. 2007. pp 109-113.
25- Jain, N.C., (1993); Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp: 389-396.
26- Sambrook. J.,Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis T., (1989); Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. Cold spring. Harbor Laboratory Press, New York .1989.
27- Weiss, D.J., Wardrop, K .J. Schalm's .,( 2010); Veterinary Hematology, 6 editions. 2010. (Ames, Wiley-182 Blackwell).
28- Radostits, O.M, Gay, C.C, Hinchcliff, K.W, Constable, P.D., (2007); Veterinary medicine. Saunders, London.
29-Shiono, H.,Yagi, Y. Chikayama, Y. Miyazaki S and Nakamura, I.( 2003);Oxidative damage and phosphatidylserine expression of red blood cells in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti. Parasitol. Res., 89: 228-234.
30- Razavi, S.M., S. Nazifi, M. Bateni and E. Rakhshandehroo, (2011); Alterations of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis. Vet. Parasitol., 180: 209-214.
31- Khalil, B., Khodadad, M., Pourjafar, M., Mohsen, G., Ebadolah, M.,(2011); Serum thyroid hormones and trace element concentrations in crossbred holstein cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Comparative Clinical Pathology 20: 115-120.
32- Singh, S., Khatri, N., Manuja, A., Sharma, R.D., Malhotra, D.V., Nichani, A.K. (2001).Impact of field vaccination with a Theileria annulata schizont cell culture vaccine on the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis. Veterinary Parasitology 101: 91-100.
33- Razavi, S.M., Moghaddas,B., Rakhshandehroo,E., and Nazifi.S.,( 2015); Bovine Theileriosis: Effects on the Status of Thyroid Hormones, Homocysteine, Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins. Research Journal of Parasitology 10 (4): 151-159.
34- Ganguly, P. and S.F. Alam,( 2015); Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease. Nutr. J., Vol. 14.10.1186/1475-2891-14-16.
35- Durand, P., Prost, M.,Loreau, N.,Lussier-Cacan, S and Blache,D., (2001); Impaired homocysteine metabolism and athero-thrombotic disease. Lab. Invest., 81: 645-672.
36- Nazifi, S., S.M. Razavi, P. Kianiamin and E. Rakhshandehroo, (2011); Evaluation of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with progressive anemia in ovine malignant theileriosis. Parasitol. Res. J, 109: 275-281.
37- Garg, S.L., M.K. Rose and V.K. Agarwali, (2001); Plasma cortisol and thyroid hormone concentration in crossbred cow calves affectd with theileriosis. Indian.Vet. J., 78: 583-585.
38- Beckett, G.J. and Arthur, J.R., (2005); Selenium and endocrine systems. J. Endocrinol., 184: 455-465.Burtis, C.A. and E.R. Ashwood, 1994.Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 2nd Edn., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 1002-1093.
39- Baltaci, A. K., Mogulko., R. Kul., A., Bediz., C.S., Ugur., A.,( 2004); Opposite effects of zinc and melatonin on thyroid hormones in rats. Toxicology 195:69–75.
40- Nirmal, S., Sangwan, A.K.,( 2007); Changes in blood and tissue copper levels due to Theileria annulata infection in cross-bred calves. Indian J Anim Res 41:278–281.
41- Arthur, J.R, Nicol, F, Grant, E, Beckett, G.J., (1991); The effects of selenium deficiency on hepatic type-I iodothyronine deiodinase and protein di-Sulphur-isomerase assessed by activity measurements and affinity labelling .Brioche. J. 274:297–300.
42-Mitchel, J.H, Nicol, F, Beckett, G.J, Arthur ,J.R .,(1998); Seloprotein expression and brain development in pre-weanling selenium- and iodine-deficient rats. J Mol Endocrinol 20:203–210.
43- Baltaci, A.K, Mgulkoc, R., Bediz, C.S, Ugur, A., (2003); Pinealoctomy and zinc deficiency have opposite effects on thyroid hormones in rats. Endocr .Res .J;29: 473–481.
44- Pekary, A.E., Lukaski ,H.C, Mena, I., Hershman, J.M.,(1991); Processing of TRH precursor peptides in rat brain and pituitary is zinc dependent. Peptides 12:1025–1032.
45- Chen, M. D., Lin, P.Y., Lin, W.H.,( 1998); Zinc supplementation on serum levels and hepatic conversion of thyroid hormones in obese (ob/ob) mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 61:89–96.
46- Freake, H.C, Govoni, K.E, Guda, K., Huang ,C., Zinn, S.A .,(2001); Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J. Nutr. 131:1135–1141.
2- Hasanpour, A., Moghaddam, G.A and Nematollahi, A., (2008). Biochemical, hematological and Electrocardiographic changes in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Korean. J. Parasitol, 46: 223-227.
3- Aktas M, Dumanli, N and Angin, M., (2004); Cattle infestation by hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 119: 1-812.
4- Shiono H, Yagi Y and P Thongnoon, (2001); Acquired methemoglobinemia in anemic cattle infected with Theileria sergenti. J.Vet .Parasitol, 102: 45-51.
5- Nazifi, S, Razavi, S.M.,Reiszadeh, M.,E., smailnezhad ,Z., Ansari-Lari, M and Hasanshahi, F., (2010a); Evaluation of the resistance of indigenous Iranian cattle to Theileria annulata compared with Holstein cattle by measurement of acute phase proteins'. Comp. Clin . Pathol, 19: 155-161.
6-El-Deeb, W.M and Younis, E.E,, (2009); Clinical and biochemical studies on Theileria annulata in Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) with particular orientation to oxidative stress and ketosis relationship. Vet Parasitol, 164: 301-305.
7- Forsyth, L.M.G., Minns, F.C., Kirvar, E., Adamson, R.E and Hall F.R., (1999); Tissue damage in cattle infected with Theileria annulata accompanied by metastasis of cytokine-producing, schizont-infected mononuclear phagocytes. J. Compa. Pathol., 120: 39-57.
8- Issi, M., Gul,Y and Basbug, O., (2011); The effect of classical theileriosis treatment on thyroid hormone levels in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Asian .J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6: 531-536.
9- Omer, O.H, El-Malik, K.H, Magzoub, M, Mahmoud, O.M, Haroun, E. M, Hawas A, Omar H.M., (2003); Biochemical profiles in Friesian cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Saudi Arabia.Vet. Res .Commun 27:15–25.
10- Col, R., Uslu, U.,( 2007);Changes in selected serum components in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy51:15–18.
11-Arthur, J. R and Beckett, G .J., (1999); Thyroid function. Br Med Bull 55:658–668.
12- Tsanadis G, Sotiriadis, A, Vezyraki ,P, Kalfakakou ,V, Zikopoulos, K, Dalkalitsis ,N, Evangelou ,A, Stefos, T., (2003). FSH, TSH, T3 andT4 changes in relation to plasma copper and zinc alterations during D-penicillamine administration in female Wister rats. Nutr. Res 23:111–116.
13-Meikke, A, Kulasar, M., Chilliard ,Y., Febel, H., Delavaud ,C., Cavestany, D, Chilibrost, P (2004); Effects of parity and body condition at parturition on endocrine and reproductive parameters of the cow. Reproduction 127:727–737.
14-Van Knegsel, A.T.M, van den Brand, H, Graat, E.A.M, Dijkstra, J, Jorritsma ,R, Decuypere, E, Tamminga, S, Kemp, B.,( 2007); Dietary energy source in dairy cows in early lactation, metabolites and metabolic hormones. J .Dairy .Sci; 90:1477–148.
15- Kaneko, J.J., (1997);Thyroid Function. In: Kaneko J.J, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (eds) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 5th edh. Academic press, San Diego, pp 571–588.
16- Sangwan, N., Sangwan, A.K., Singh, S., Agrawal, V.K.,( 2003); Cortisol and thyroid hormones in relation to bovine tropical theileriosis. Indian J Anim. Sci 72:1098–1099.
17- Rezaei, S.A., Dalir-Naghadeh, B. (2009); Association of plasma and heart homocysteine and blood malondialdehyde with cardiovascular diseases induced by acute selenium deficiency in lambs. Small Ruminant Research 83: 22–28.
18- Gauthier, G.M., Keevil, J.G., Mcbride, P.E.,( 2003);The Association of homocysteine and coronary artery disease. Clinical Cardiology 26: 563-568.
19- Lin, G., Dongyan, W., Yang, L., Dingfang, B., Lin, C., Yongzheng, P., Yongfen, Q.I., Chaoshu, T., (2003); Homocysteine increases the synthesis of adrenomedull in vascular fibroblasts of rats. Chinese Science Bulletin 48: 983-987.
20- Haj jar, K.A.,( 2001); Homocysteine: a sulph’rous fire. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 107: 675-683.
21- Chai, A.U and Abramsm. J (2001).Homocysteine: A new cardiac risk factor? Clinical Cardiology 24: 80-84.
22- O’Grady, H., Kelly, C., Bouchier-Hayes, D., Leahy, A., (2002); Homocysteine and occlusive arterial disease. British journal of surgery 89: 838-844.
23- Coles, E.H., (1980); Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 3 rd. edition .Saunders Philadelphia .pp. 75- 90.
24- Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L., Wall, R.L., (2007); Veterinary Parasitology. 3 rd edn. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, UK. 2007. pp 109-113.
25- Jain, N.C., (1993); Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp: 389-396.
26- Sambrook. J.,Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis T., (1989); Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual. Cold spring. Harbor Laboratory Press, New York .1989.
27- Weiss, D.J., Wardrop, K .J. Schalm's .,( 2010); Veterinary Hematology, 6 editions. 2010. (Ames, Wiley-182 Blackwell).
28- Radostits, O.M, Gay, C.C, Hinchcliff, K.W, Constable, P.D., (2007); Veterinary medicine. Saunders, London.
29-Shiono, H.,Yagi, Y. Chikayama, Y. Miyazaki S and Nakamura, I.( 2003);Oxidative damage and phosphatidylserine expression of red blood cells in cattle experimentally infected with Theileria sergenti. Parasitol. Res., 89: 228-234.
30- Razavi, S.M., S. Nazifi, M. Bateni and E. Rakhshandehroo, (2011); Alterations of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with anemia in bovine tropical theileriosis. Vet. Parasitol., 180: 209-214.
31- Khalil, B., Khodadad, M., Pourjafar, M., Mohsen, G., Ebadolah, M.,(2011); Serum thyroid hormones and trace element concentrations in crossbred holstein cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Comparative Clinical Pathology 20: 115-120.
32- Singh, S., Khatri, N., Manuja, A., Sharma, R.D., Malhotra, D.V., Nichani, A.K. (2001).Impact of field vaccination with a Theileria annulata schizont cell culture vaccine on the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis. Veterinary Parasitology 101: 91-100.
33- Razavi, S.M., Moghaddas,B., Rakhshandehroo,E., and Nazifi.S.,( 2015); Bovine Theileriosis: Effects on the Status of Thyroid Hormones, Homocysteine, Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins. Research Journal of Parasitology 10 (4): 151-159.
34- Ganguly, P. and S.F. Alam,( 2015); Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease. Nutr. J., Vol. 14.10.1186/1475-2891-14-16.
35- Durand, P., Prost, M.,Loreau, N.,Lussier-Cacan, S and Blache,D., (2001); Impaired homocysteine metabolism and athero-thrombotic disease. Lab. Invest., 81: 645-672.
36- Nazifi, S., S.M. Razavi, P. Kianiamin and E. Rakhshandehroo, (2011); Evaluation of erythrocyte antioxidant mechanisms: Antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and serum trace elements associated with progressive anemia in ovine malignant theileriosis. Parasitol. Res. J, 109: 275-281.
37- Garg, S.L., M.K. Rose and V.K. Agarwali, (2001); Plasma cortisol and thyroid hormone concentration in crossbred cow calves affectd with theileriosis. Indian.Vet. J., 78: 583-585.
38- Beckett, G.J. and Arthur, J.R., (2005); Selenium and endocrine systems. J. Endocrinol., 184: 455-465.Burtis, C.A. and E.R. Ashwood, 1994.Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. 2nd Edn., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 1002-1093.
39- Baltaci, A. K., Mogulko., R. Kul., A., Bediz., C.S., Ugur., A.,( 2004); Opposite effects of zinc and melatonin on thyroid hormones in rats. Toxicology 195:69–75.
40- Nirmal, S., Sangwan, A.K.,( 2007); Changes in blood and tissue copper levels due to Theileria annulata infection in cross-bred calves. Indian J Anim Res 41:278–281.
41- Arthur, J.R, Nicol, F, Grant, E, Beckett, G.J., (1991); The effects of selenium deficiency on hepatic type-I iodothyronine deiodinase and protein di-Sulphur-isomerase assessed by activity measurements and affinity labelling .Brioche. J. 274:297–300.
42-Mitchel, J.H, Nicol, F, Beckett, G.J, Arthur ,J.R .,(1998); Seloprotein expression and brain development in pre-weanling selenium- and iodine-deficient rats. J Mol Endocrinol 20:203–210.
43- Baltaci, A.K, Mgulkoc, R., Bediz, C.S, Ugur, A., (2003); Pinealoctomy and zinc deficiency have opposite effects on thyroid hormones in rats. Endocr .Res .J;29: 473–481.
44- Pekary, A.E., Lukaski ,H.C, Mena, I., Hershman, J.M.,(1991); Processing of TRH precursor peptides in rat brain and pituitary is zinc dependent. Peptides 12:1025–1032.
45- Chen, M. D., Lin, P.Y., Lin, W.H.,( 1998); Zinc supplementation on serum levels and hepatic conversion of thyroid hormones in obese (ob/ob) mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 61:89–96.
46- Freake, H.C, Govoni, K.E, Guda, K., Huang ,C., Zinn, S.A .,(2001); Actions and interactions of thyroid hormone and zinc status in growing rats. J. Nutr. 131:1135–1141.
Published
2018-11-30
How to Cite
Osman, F. A., & H.I.M, G. (2018). Biochemical studies on crossbreed cattle infected with Theileria in New Valley. IJRDO - JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 4(11), 01-13. https://doi.org/10.53555/bs.v4i11.2504
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